REFERENCE FROM
http://library.linode.com/databases/mysql/ubuntu-10.04-lucid?format=source
==========================================================
Use MySQL Relational Databases on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid)
==========================================================
:Author: Phil Paradis <mailto:pparadis@linode.com>
:Description: Getting started with MySQL for web and server applications on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid).
:Location: http://library.linode.com/databases/mysql/ubuntu-10.04-lucid
:Keywords: mysql ubuntu 10.04,mysql ubuntu,mysql on linux,mysql vps
:License: `CC BY-ND 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/>`_
:Published: Friday, April 30th, 2010
:Modified: Tuesday, May 17th, 2011 by Phil Paradis
MySQL is a popular database management system, used as the data
storage provider for thousands of web and server applications. This
guide will help beginners get started with MySQL on an Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid)
Linux VPS. For purposes of this tutorial, we'll assume you've followed
the steps outlined in our `getting started guide
</getting-started/>`_, that your system is up to date, and that you've
logged into your Linode as root via SSH. If you're performing these
steps as a standard user with sudo privileges, remember to prepend "sudo"
to the commands shown below.
.. contents:: Contents
Basic System Configuration
--------------------------
Make sure your ``/etc/hosts`` file contains sensible values. In the example
file below, you would replace "12.34.56.78" with your Linode's IP address,
and "servername.example.com" with your Linode's fully qualifed domain name
(FQDN). It is advisable to use something unique and memorable for "servername"
in this file.
.. file:: /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
12.34.56.78 servername.example.com servername
Next, make sure your Linode's hostname is set to the short value you specified
in ``/etc/hosts``::
echo "servername" > /etc/hostname
hostname -F /etc/hostname
To make sure ``universe`` repositories are enabled, modify your ``/etc/apt/sources.list``
file to mirror the example file below.
.. file:: /etc/apt/sources.list
:lang: sources.list
## main & restricted repositories
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted
## universe repositories
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe
Installing MySQL
----------------
Make sure your package repositories and installed programs are up to
date by issuing the following commands::
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade --show-upgraded
Begin by issuing the following command in your terminal::
apt-get install mysql-server
You will be prompted to set a password for the MySQL root user. Choose
a strong password and keep it in a safe place for future reference.
.. image:: /assets/360-lucid-01-mysql-root-password.png
:alt: Setting the MySQL root password in Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid).
:target: /assets/360-lucid-01-mysql-root-password.png
The MySQL server package will be installed on your server, along with
dependencies and client libraries. After installing MySQL, it's recommended that you run ``mysql_secure_installation``
in order to help secure MySQL. While running ``mysql_secure_installation``,
you will be presented with the opportunity to change the MySQL root password,
remove anonymous user accounts, disable root logins outside of localhost,
and remove test databases. It is recommended that you answer yes to these options.
If you are prompted to reload the privilege tables, select yes.
Run the following command to execute the program::
mysql_secure_installation
After running ``mysql_secure_installation``, MySQL is secure and ready to be configured.
Configuring MySQL
-----------------
By default, MySQL makes some assumptions about your server environment
with respect to memory. To configure MySQL more conservatively, you'll
need to edit some settings in its configuration file. Your file should
resemble the following:
.. excerpt:: /etc/mysql/my.cnf
:lang: ini
key_buffer = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
thread_stack = 64K
table_cache = 4
sort_buffer = 64K
net_buffer_length = 2K
These settings are only suggested values for a low memory environment;
please feel free to tune them to appropriate values for your
server. Consult the "More Information" section at the end of this
tutorial for additional resources on this topic.
MySQL will bind to localhost (127.0.0.1) by default. Please reference our
`secure MySQL remote access guide </databases/mysql/mysql-ssh-tunnel>`_ for
information on connecting to your databases with local clients.
Allowing unrestricted access to MySQL on a public IP is not advised, but you may
change the address it listens on by modifying the ``bind-address``
parameter. If you decide to bind MySQL to your public IP, you should
implement firewall rules that only allow connections from specific IP
addresses.
Using MySQL
-----------
The standard tool for interacting with MySQL is the ``mysql`` client
program. To get started, issue the following command at your prompt::
mysql -u root -p
You will be prompted to enter the root MySQL user's password. Enter
the password you assigned when you installed MySQL, and you'll be
presented with the MySQL monitor display::
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 34
Server version: 5.1.41-3ubuntu12 (Ubuntu)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
If you've forgotten your root password, use the package
reconfiguration tool to change that password: ::
dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.1
To generate a list of commands for the MySQL prompt type ``\h``::
List of all MySQL commands:
Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ';'
? (\?) Synonym for `help'.
clear (\c) Clear the current input statement.
connect (\r) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host.
delimiter (\d) Set statement delimiter.
edit (\e) Edit command with $EDITOR.
ego (\G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically.
exit (\q) Exit mysql. Same as quit.
go (\g) Send command to mysql server.
help (\h) Display this help.
nopager (\n) Disable pager, print to stdout.
notee (\t) Don't write into outfile.
pager (\P) Set PAGER [to_pager]. Print the query results via PAGER.
print (\p) Print current command.
prompt (\R) Change your mysql prompt.
quit (\q) Quit mysql.
rehash (\#) Rebuild completion hash.
source (\.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument.
status (\s) Get status information from the server.
system (\!) Execute a system shell command.
tee (\T) Set outfile [to_outfile]. Append everything into given outfile.
use (\u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument.
charset (\C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing binlog with multi-byte charsets.
warnings (\W) Show warnings after every statement.
nowarning (\w) Don't show warnings after every statement.
For server side help, type 'help contents'
mysql>
Let's create a database and assign a user to it. Issue the following
commands at the MySQL prompt::
CREATE DATABASE testdb;
CREATE USER 'testuser'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'changeme';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON testdb.* TO 'testuser'@localhost;
exit
Now let's log back into the MySQL client as ``testuser`` and create a
sample table called "customers." Issue the following commands::
mysql -u testuser -p
USE testdb;
CREATE TABLE customers (customer_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, first_name TEXT, last_name TEXT);
This creates a table with a customer ID field of the type INT for
integer (auto-incremented for new records and used as the primary key),
as well as two fields for storing the customer's name.
By default, access to databases will be limited to connections from localhost. To securely administer your
databases from a remote location, please follow our guide for
`securely administering mysql with an SSH tunnel </databases/mysql/mysql-ssh-tunnel>`_. It is *not* a good practice
to run MySQL on your public IP address, unless you have a very good reason for doing so.
More Information
----------------
.. moreinfo::
- `MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual <http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/>`_
- `PHP MySQL Manual <http://us2.php.net/manual/en/book.mysql.php>`_
- `Perl DBI examples for DBD::mysql <http://sql-info.de/mysql/examples/Perl-DBI-examples.html>`_
- `MySQLdb User's Guide <http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/MySQLdb.html>`_
.. container:: license
.. image:: /media/images/cc.png
:alt: Creative Commons License
This guide is licensed under a `Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0
United States License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/>`_.
Last edited by Phil Paradis on Tuesday, May 17th, 2011 (r2021).
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